Description

Oxytocin is a nonapeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during lactation, but it has also become a major focus in neuroscience for its involvement in social cognition, pair bonding, trust, and emotional regulation.

In neurobehavioral research, oxytocin has been shown to influence amygdala activity, modulate stress responses, and promote prosocial behaviors such as empathy and attachment. Its interaction with central oxytocin receptors affects neurotransmitter systems including dopamine and serotonin, making it relevant in studies on anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorders, and social functioning.

Oxytocin is also investigated in metabolic and cardiovascular research due to its effects on glucose uptake, lipid metabolism, and anti-inflammatory pathways. With both peripheral and central actions, oxytocin remains a multifaceted compound of interest across endocrinology, psychology, and neurobiology.