Kisspeptin-10 is a biologically active decapeptide derived from the longer kisspeptin precursor, part of the KISS1 gene family. It binds to the GPR54 receptor (also known as KISS1R), which is critically involved in the stimulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus. This action triggers the downstream release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary, making kisspeptin essential for the normal function of the reproductive endocrine system.

Research on Kisspeptin-10 has focused on its regulatory role in puberty initiation, fertility, and ovarian and testicular function. It is also being studied for its potential to modulate sex steroid feedback, offering applications in hypogonadism, infertility, and reproductive aging. Beyond reproduction, kisspeptin signaling may intersect with metabolic, emotional, and behavioral pathways, prompting interest in its broader neuroendocrine effects.

Due to its strong bioactivity and short half-life, Kisspeptin-10 is a preferred model compound in experimental studies targeting reproductive hormone dynamics and hypothalamic signaling.